As the core component of mechanical equipment, the operating status of bearings directly affects the reliability of equipment. Vibration analysis is a key technology for bearing fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance. By capturing the characteristics of vibration signals, the fault type can be identified in advance, the fault location can be located, and the remaining life can be predicted. The following is an explanation from the technical principle, analysis method, typical application and implementation process:
I. Technical principle of vibration analysis
Bearing faults (such as rolling element wear, raceway cracks, cage damage, etc.) will cause abnormal vibrations. The frequency, amplitude, phase and other parameters of the vibration signal are strongly correlated with the fault type. Fault identification can be achieved by collecting vibration data through sensors and extracting characteristic parameters in combination with signal processing technology.
Core logic:

Normal state: The vibration signal is stable and the frequency is concentrated on the natural vibration frequency of the bearing (such as rotation frequency and part resonance frequency).
Fault state: Periodic impact components appear in the vibration signal, corresponding to the fault characteristic frequency (such as the frequency of the rolling element passing through the inner ring/outer ring, the cage frequency, etc.).
II. Key methods of vibration analysis
1. Time domain analysis
Directly observe the time domain waveform of the vibration signal to identify abnormal characteristics such as impact and periodic pulses.

Common indicators:
Peak: reflects the instantaneous maximum vibration intensity, suitable for sudden impact faults (such as cracks and spalling).
RMS: measures vibration energy and is used to evaluate the severity of progressive wear faults.
Kurtosis: sensitive to impact signals, the kurtosis value of a normal bearing is about 3, and it increases significantly when a fault occurs (such as when the surface is spalled, it can reach more than 10).